Movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and essential tremor affect millions of Americans. Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for these disorders, and we are left to treat symptoms with medications. For some patients, the medications may cause intolerable side effects, unpredictable responses, or just may not work at all.
This is why deep brain stimulation (DBS) is so groundbreaking. This advanced therapy can treat tremors that do not respond to medication and reduce the reliance of medications in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. DBS is not a treatment of last resort and should be considered before symptoms have progressed to the point of limiting functional independence. It gives hope to patients who perhaps thought they had run out of options.
What is deep brain stimulation?
According to Daniel Savitt, DO, a neurologist and movement disorder specialist with HonorHealth Neurology, "DBS is a surgical procedure which involves placing electrodes in the brain." The two electrodes are then attached to a battery device implanted in the patient's upper chest near the collarbone.
How does it work?
The electrodes use electrical currents similar to those generated by a pacemaker to help control abnormal brain impulses. This results in fewer uncontrolled tremors and symptoms for patients with Parkinson’s disease.
"If changes need to be made to the electrodes' output, your doctor can reprogram the electrodes without the need of further surgery," Dr. Savitt says. "Once the leads are properly inserted, the patient could see a reduction in tremors, though it will vary depending on the disease being treated."
It may take between a few months and a year to find the level of medication and electrical stimulation to give the patient the greatest relief from symptoms with the lowest level of side effects.
Doctors will perform a full workup and neurological testing before suggesting the procedure.
What diseases respond well to DBS?
Common neurological conditions that respond well to DBS include:
Does DBS replace the need for medications?
"DBS is considered an additional treatment for certain people with involuntary movement disorders," Dr. Savitt says.
DBS is typically considered for essential tremor when medications fail to sufficiently improve symptoms. It may not replace the need for medication for Parkinson’s disease, but when used in conjunction with other therapies, it may reduce medication dosage.
Early diagnosis of movement disorders is key
While DBS is not a cure for essential tremor or Parkinson’s disease, it can be an extremely effective form of therapy. A proper and timely diagnosis is key to ensuring patients have access to the latest therapies and medications.